• Systematic decision frameworks for limb viability and amputation level in ischemic disease have emerged, shifting from aggressive salvage toward targeted limb preservation guided by antibiotics, vascular assessment, and patient-specific prognosis [2], [1], [3], [18], [14].

• Revascularization and arterial grafting are framed as core strategies to restore limb perfusion and function, with emphasis on reconstructions that enable salvage rather than immediate amputation [14], [1], [3].

• Reconstruction-related complications and salvage thresholds are examined via analyses of failed reconstructions and the decision criteria for conversion to amputation, highlighting outcomes and timing [18], [10], [11].

• Pathophysiology and management of venous disease and ulceration shape reconstruction approaches, underscoring the role of wound healing, venous pathology, and vascular risk in limb outcomes [7], [12].

• Cross-domain grafting and seromuscular techniques reveal methodological cross-pollination between urological/pelvic reconstruction and limb surgery, expanding reconstructive toolkits [6], [20], [8].